A calcaneal stress fracture is a type of injury that affects the heel bone, medically known as the calcaneus. It typically occurs due to repetitive stress or overuse, common among athletes and individuals engaged in high-impact activities. This article explores the symptoms, causes, treatment options, and preventive measures for calcaneal stress fractures.

Symptoms of Calcaneal Stress Fracture

Identifying a calcaneal stress fracture can be challenging initially, as symptoms may develop gradually. Common signs include:

• Heel Pain: Persistent pain in the heel, which worsens with weight-bearing activities.
• Swelling: Swelling around the heel area.
• Tenderness: Increased sensitivity to touch around the heel bone.
• Difficulty Walking: Pain that intensifies when walking or standing for extended periods.

Causes of Calcaneal Stress Fracture

Calcaneal stress fractures typically result from repetitive stress or sudden increases in physical activity. Contributing factors include:

• High-Impact Activities: Running, jumping, or activities that involve repetitive pounding on hard surfaces.
• Improper Footwear: Wearing shoes that lack adequate cushioning or support.
• Bone Density Issues: Conditions like osteoporosis that weaken bones, increasing susceptibility to fractures.
• Training Errors: Overtraining or sudden increases in training intensity without proper conditioning.

Diagnosis and Treatment

If you suspect a calcaneal stress fracture, it's crucial to seek medical evaluation promptly. Diagnosis often involves:

• Physical Examination: Assessing symptoms and examining the foot and heel.
• Imaging Tests: X-rays or MRI scans to confirm the presence and severity of the fracture.

Treatment strategies aim to relieve pain, promote healing, and prevent complications:

• Rest and Immobilization: Avoiding activities that aggravate symptoms and using crutches or a walking boot to limit weight-bearing.
• Medication: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce pain and inflammation.
• Physical Therapy: Exercises to restore strength and flexibility once healing progresses.
• Orthotic Devices: Shoe inserts or custom orthotics to provide support and cushioning.

Prevention of Calcaneal Stress Fracture

Taking proactive steps can help prevent calcaneal stress fractures:

• Gradual Progression: Gradually increasing the intensity and duration of physical activities.
• Proper Footwear: Choosing shoes with adequate cushioning and support for specific activities.
• Cross-Training: Incorporating low-impact activities to reduce repetitive stress on the heel bone.
• Nutrition: Maintaining a balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D to support bone health.
• Listen to Your Body: Pay attention to early signs of pain or discomfort and seek prompt medical attention.

Conclusion

Calcaneal stress fractures can significantly impact mobility and athletic performance if not properly managed. By understanding the symptoms, causes, treatment options, and preventive measures outlined in this article, individuals can take proactive steps to maintain foot health and prevent the occurrence of calcaneal stress fractures.

Sources

• American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS)
• Mayo Clinic
• National Institutes of Health (NIH)