Viral Hepatitis Symptoms & Prevention

Viral Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver in response to viral infection, leading to swelling and potential pain.

Types of Viral Hepatitis

1. Hepatitis A

   • Acute cases: Approximately 2,007 instances reported in the U.S. in 2016.
   • Resolves within months; preventable by vaccination.

2. Hepatitis B

   • Around 22,000 new cases in 2017; 95% of adults recover.
   • Can lead to chronic infection; early vaccination is crucial.

3. Hepatitis C

   • Common cause of liver disease; majority develop chronic infection.
   • No vaccine available; often asymptomatic.

4. Hepatitis D

   • Occurs only in those infected with hepatitis B.
   • Preventable by hepatitis B vaccination.

5. Hepatitis E

   • Spread through contaminated food or water; common globally.
   • Vaccines exist but may not be universally available.

Other Causes of Hepatitis

• CMV, EBV, and HSV can also cause hepatitis.

Symptoms and Transmission

• Symptoms include dark urine, stomach pain, jaundice, pale stool, fever, fatigue, nausea, and joint pain.
• Transmission varies by type, including sexual contact and exposure to infected blood or body fluids.

Diagnosis and Management

• Diagnosed through physical exams and blood tests.
• Management includes monitoring liver function and specific treatments for chronic cases.

Prevention

• Vaccination for hepatitis A and B recommended.
• Avoiding risky behaviors such as sharing needles and practicing safe sex.

Outlook

• Hepatitis A and E typically resolve without long-term effects.
• Hepatitis B, C, and D can lead to chronic infections with potential complications.