Table of Contents
What is Yervoy?
Yervoy Description:
Yervoy (ipilimumab) is a monoclonal antibody employed in the treatment of specific cancers, including melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), pleural mesothelioma, esophageal cancer, kidney cancer (RCC), liver cancer, and colorectal cancer. It can be used alone or in combination with other cancer medicines like Opdivo (nivolumab).
Mechanism of Action:
As an immunotherapy, Yervoy hinders a protein (CTLA-4) that impedes the proper functioning of the immune system, enabling it to target and eliminate cancer cells.
Classification:
Belonging to the class of immune checkpoint inhibitors, Yervoy is termed a CTLA-4 inhibitor due to its blocking action on T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4).
FDA Approval:
Yervoy gained FDA approval on August 18, 2010, initially for advanced melanoma. Subsequently, its approval has extended to encompass a variety of cancers.
How does Yervoy work?
T-cell Regulation:
T-cells, crucial components of the immune system responsible for detecting and destroying cancer cells, possess a protein called cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) that suppresses immune activity. Yervoy blocks this CTLA-4 antigen, activating the immune response to locate and combat cancer cells.
Yervoy Uses:
FDA-approved for specific cancers, including melanoma, NSCLC expressing PD-L1, pleural mesothelioma, esophageal cancer, RCC, liver cancer, colorectal cancer (MSI-H or dMMR), and unresectable advanced or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Treatment conditions must align with specified criteria.
Administration and Usage:
Yervoy is administered intravenously (IV infusion) by a healthcare provider, given slowly over 30-90 minutes. Frequency varies based on cancer type, often every 3 to 6 weeks. It can be utilized alone or combined with other medications, necessitating frequent medical tests and potential treatment adjustments.
Common Yervoy Side Effects:
Frequent side effects encompass fever, cough, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, hormonal issues, rash, itching, headache, dizziness, tiredness, sleep problems, and muscle, joint, or bone pain.
Serious Yervoy Side Effects:
Serious reactions may include allergic responses, severe skin reactions, chest pain, irregular heartbeats, severe muscle weakness, vision problems, lung or kidney issues, hormonal disorders, and symptoms of brain swelling. Prompt medical attention is imperative.
Warnings:
Alert your doctor if you have liver damage, autoimmune disorders, or if you’ve undergone an organ transplant. Pregnancy should be avoided, and effective contraception is recommended during Yervoy use. Breastfeeding is not advised.
How is Yervoy Given?
Dosage and Administration:
Yervoy is available in 50 mg/10 mL or 200 mg/40 mL single-dose vials. Dosage and administration are determined by the treating physician, with infusion given over the specified time frame. It may be combined with other medicines, and other medications may be prescribed to manage side effects.
Missed Dose and Overdose:
Missed chemotherapy appointments should be discussed with the doctor. Overdose is unlikely, given professional administration.
Precautions During Treatment:
Follow doctor’s instructions regarding dietary and activity restrictions.
Interactions:
Inform your healthcare provider about all medications, including prescription, over-the-counter, vitamins, and herbal supplements.
Storage:
Store Yervoy refrigerated at 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F), protected from light. Avoid freezing or shaking.
This comprehensive overview provides insights into Yervoy’s purpose, usage, side effects, warnings, administration, and precautions, aiding in informed decision-making for both healthcare providers and patients.