Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a rare and complex type of cancer originating in T cells, a kind of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the body's immune defense. In CTCL, these T cells become abnormal and target the skin, leading to various dermatological symptoms.
CTCL often manifests as skin redness resembling a rash, slightly raised or scaly patches, and occasionally skin tumors. There are several subtypes of CTCL, with mycosis fungoides being the most common. Sézary syndrome, a rarer and more aggressive form, causes widespread skin redness.
The progression and aggressiveness of CTCL vary, influencing treatment options. These options include topical therapies, light therapy, radiation, and systemic treatments like chemotherapy. CTCL is categorized under the broader umbrella of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
Symptoms
The symptoms of CTCL can be diverse and may include:
- Round skin patches: These may be raised, scaly, and itchy.
- Skin discoloration: Areas of skin may appear lighter than the surrounding regions.
- Skin lumps: These can sometimes ulcerate.
- Enlarged lymph nodes.
- Hair loss.
- Thickened skin: Notably on the palms and soles.
- Intense itchiness: Often accompanied by a rash-like redness across the body, especially in Sézary syndrome.
Causes
The precise cause of CTCL remains unknown. Generally, cancer arises from mutations in cellular DNA, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation. In CTCL, such mutations result in an overproduction of abnormal T cells that target and damage the skin. Although the exact mechanism triggering this skin-specific attack by T cells is not yet understood, ongoing research aims to uncover the underlying factors.
Sources
- American Cancer Society. (2023). Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma. Retrieved from cancer.org
- National Cancer Institute. (2023). Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary Syndrome Treatment. Retrieved from cancer.gov
- Mayo Clinic. (2023). Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Retrieved from mayoclinic.org